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The Cambridge Rules were a code of rules for football first drawn up at Cambridge University, England, in 1848, by a committee that included H. de Winton and J. C. Thring. They are also notable for allowing goal kicks, throw-ins, and forward passes and for preventing running whilst holding the ball.〔Encyclopedia of British Football by Richard Cox et al., Routledge, 2002 page 5〕 In 1863, a revision of the rules played a significant part in developing the rules that became Association football.〔Harvey 2005, p. 133〕〔http://www.cuafc.org/Pages/History.html〕 ==Cambridge University Football Club== The playing of football had always been popular in Cambridge and in 1579 one match played at Chesterton between townspeople and Cambridge University students ended in a violent brawl that led the Vice-Chancellor to issue a decree forbidding them to play "footeball” outside of college grounds.〔(History ), (Cambridgeshire County FA ).〕 Despite this and other decrees, football continued to be popular in Cambridge, as George Elwes Corrie, Master of Jesus College, observed in 1838, "In walking with Willis we passed by Parker's Piece and there saw some forty Gownsmen playing at football. The novelty and liveliness of the scene were amusing!"〔http://www.cuafc.org/history.php〕 A former Rugby School pupil, Albert Pell, was organising football matches at the university in 1839 but, because of the different school variations, a compromise set of rules had to be found and these are held to have been the origin of the Cambridge Rules.〔Harvey 2005, p. 48〕 As a result of its role in the formation of the first football rules, Parker's Piece, Cambridge, remains hallowed turf for football fans and historians.〔(Cambridge... the birthplace of football?! ), BBC, Cambridgeshire, UK, 2006.〕 In 1846, H. de Winton and J.C. Thring, who had both attended Shrewsbury School, succeeded in making some old Etonians join them to form a football club at Cambridge University. Only a few matches were ever played, but in 1848 interest in the sport was renewed. The story of how the 1848 rules were formulated was related by Mr H.C. Malden in a letter dated 8 October 1897.
The creators of the Cambridge rules sought to formulate a game that was acceptable to students who had played various codes of public school football. The public school games included a wide range of rules, from the Rugby game (with ball handling and backwards passing) through the Eton game (which favoured dribbling and had a tight offside rule) to the Charterhouse football (that involved dribbling and whose representatives favoured rules permitting forward passing). The off-side rule adopted by the Cambridge rules stated that:
This rule was subsequent adopted in essence by the Football Association in 1867, but weakening from "more than three" to "at least three".〔Harvey 2005, p. 270, ref. 172〕 This off-side rule, which permitted players to move in front of the ball opened the way to the subsequent development of the Combination Game. The Cambridge Rules were the first formulated rules of football and the predecessor of modern association football. They were very influential in the creation of the modern rules of football drawn up in London by Ebenezer Cobb Morley for the Football Association, as shown in the following praise: :'The Cambridge Rules appear to be the most desirable for the Association to adopt'〔C. W. Alcock 1863, FA committee member and founder of the FA Cup.〕 :'They embrace the true principles of the game, with the greatest simplicity'〔E. C. Morley, F.A. Hon. Sec. 1863.〕 A plaque has been mounted at Parker's Piece, Cambridge to document its unique role in the creation of modern football. It bears the following inscription:
The Cambridge University Association Football Club also played a key role in developing modern passing football. The side is credited with "transforming the tactics of association football and almost single-handedly inventing the modern game" in 1882. Contemporaries described Cambridge as being the first "combination" team in which each player was allotted an area of the field and played as part of a team in a game that was based upon passing" In a discussion by CW Alcock on the history of a "definite scheme of attack" and "elaborate combination" in early football playing styles (including references to "Northern" teams, including Queens Park), Alcock states (in 1891): "The perfection of the system which is in vogue at the present time however is in a very great measure the creation of the last few years. The Cambridge University eleven of 1883 were the first to illustrate the full possibilities of a systematic combination giving full scope to the defence as well as the attack"〔Association Football, chapter by C.W. Alcock, ''The English Illustrated Magazine'' 1891, page 287.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cambridge rules」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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